You have recently been appointed as the senior administrative officer overseeing coastal development planning in a remote and ecologically sensitive island region. The area is globally recognized for its marine biodiversity, dense mangrove forests, endangered wildlife, and the presence of indigenous communities that depend on traditional livelihoods closely linked to the land and sea. It is also a haven for rare species of birds and is surrounded by vibrant coral reefs teeming with marine biodiversity. Protected as a biodiversity hotspot, it has long been revered as a sanctuary for conservationists and eco-tourists alike. A major infrastructure development project has been proposed by a consortium of investors, with support from state authorities. The plan includes a commercial port, luxury tourism infrastructure, and entertainment zones. It is projected to generate significant economic benefits, including employment and increased revenue, and is also being positioned as a _ Strategic asset for maritime trade and national security. However, environmental experts warn of irreversible ecological damage, including threats to nesting sites, coral reefs, and biodiversity corridors. They argue that the development will irreversibly damage the island’s fragile ecosystem. Furthermore, indigenous communities, including the local Adivasi tribes, express deep concern over the project’s impact on their ancestral lands and traditional way of life. They fear that large-scale infrastructure development and an influx of tourists will lead to land grabbing, displacement, and the erosion of their cultural heritage. Civil society organizations have petitioned for a comprehensive environmental impact assessment and genuine stakeholder consultation. Whereas supporters of the project highlight its strategic importance for India’s economic growth and national security. They argue that the project will enhance India’s maritime infrastructure, strengthen coastal security, and stimulate trade and investment in the region. As the officer responsible for coordinating the project’s evaluation and recommendations, you are under pressure from political and corporate interests to fast-track approvals. At the same time, you are aware of your duty to uphold constitutional values, protect vulnerable communities, and ensure sustainable governance. (a) What are the core ethical dilemmas present in the case’? (b) Discuss options available to you and give the merits and demerits. (c) As a senior public servant assigned to coordinate the project, outline the steps you would take to ensure ethical and evidence-based governance. (d) Suggest long-term policy and institutional reforms that could help resolve such conflicts.

Topper: Dev Dudeja · AIR 152 · 2025 · Page 41